1 (a) Ozone depletion occurs in the ozone layer. (i) Name the layer of the Earth’s atmosphere that contains the ozone layer. … [1] (ii) Describe the impacts of ozone depletion. … … … … [2] (b) Suggest reasons why strategies to prevent further ozone depletion require international agreement. … … … … [2] [Total: 5]

1(a)(i) stratosphere; 1 1(a)(ii) any two from: higher levels of ultraviolet radiation (reaching the Earth’s surface); increased rate of skin cancer; increased rate of cataracts; damage to vegetation; 2 1(b) any two from: idea that atmosphere has no international boundaries; idea that atmosphere is still damaged if, not a complete ban / some countries don’t agree; need for shared, expertise / knowledge / technology / funding ; international agreement needed on how to dispose of chemicals that affect ozone depletion, e.g. CFCs; 2

3 Ozone layer depletion is sometimes referred to as ‘the hole in the ozone layer’. (a) State one chemical responsible for ozone depletion. … [1] (b) State one impact of ozone depletion on people. … [1] (c) Describe a strategy to reduce ozone depletion. … … … … [2] [Total: 4]

3(a) chlorofluorocarbons / CFCs; 1 3(b) any one from: skin cancer; cataracts; 1 3(c) any one from plus one description: international agreement and policies; so unified / coordinated approach; CFC replacement / banning; so less emissions; taxation; encourages the change to better solutions; 2

4 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. atmosphere fossil fuels animals plants C A B B B death photosynthesis death feeding (a) Identify the parts of the diagram labelled A, B and C. A … B … C … [3] (b) State the energy source for photosynthesis. … [1] [Total: 4] Section B

4(a) A: combustion; B: respiration; C: decomposers; 3 4(b) (the) Sun; 1

6 Nepal is a country in Asia. It is located between China and India. (a) The bar chart shows the carbon dioxide, CO2, emissions per person for Nepal and four other countries in 2016. The bar chart is not complete. CO2 emissions / tonnes per person 2 0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 China India Nepal UK USA country (i) Complete the bar chart to show that the CO2 emissions for India in 2016 were 1.9 tonnes per person. [1] (ii) Use the bar chart to compare the contribution to climate change of Nepal and the USA. … … … … [2] (b) Flooding and landslides are common in Nepal. The table shows some climate data for Nepal. month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec average monthly rainfall / mm 22 26 35 60 141 295 497 423 263 68 12 17 Circle the range of months in which Nepal has the greatest number of landslides. Circle one range only. Jan – Apr Jun – Sep Oct – Dec Nov – Feb [1] (c) A student in Nepal sends an email to a friend about the impact of flooding and landslides in 2017. (i) Calculate the percentage of districts in Nepal impacted by the flooding and landslides. …% [1] (ii) Death and injury are impacts of flooding and landslides. Suggest other impacts of flooding and landslides. … … … … … … [3] (iii) Suggest reasons why people continue to live in areas affected by flooding and landslides. … … … … [2] Content removed due to copyright restrictions. (d) Scientists carried out an investigation into climate change in Nepal. The scientists measured monthly rainfall and temperature at weather stations across the country and compared the results with historic data. The scientists identified some limitations of this investigation: • the terrain of Nepal is very varied: it has mountains, deep valleys and low‑lying land • there are no weather stations in some mountain districts • climate data for Nepal were not recorded before 1960. Suggest reasons why these limitations make it difficult to reach a conclusion about climate change in Nepal. … … … … [2] (e) An invasive species is a species that is not originally from the local area. Warmer temperatures can make it easier for some invasive species to grow. The fact sheet shows information on ‘crofton weed’, an invasive plant species in Nepal. Crofton weed fact sheet (i) Suggest why crofton weed spreads rapidly. … … … … [2] Content removed due to copyright restrictions. (ii) Four methods of controlling invasive plant species are: mechanical control: dig out the plant or cut the plant before it flowers grazing control: use livestock to eat the plants biological control: introduce a natural consumer to the area chemical control: spray the plant with herbicide. Suggest a different limitation of using each method for the control of crofton weed. mechanical control … … grazing control … … biological control … … chemical control … … [4] (f) In Nepal, food crops such as rice and maize are traditionally grown by subsistence farmers. (i) Describe the difference between subsistence farming and commercial farming. … … … … [2] (ii) Some subsistence farmers in Nepal belong to a small‑scale community‑led project. This project aims to improve agricultural practices. Five local farmers talk about this project. The ground water supplies often run dry before the start of the rainy season. Many farming families have had to move to the city to find other work. farmer A: The project is partly funded by an international charity, and we also pay to be part of the project. We must give one day of free labour a year to the project. farmer B: We have been trained in growing a variety of high-yielding crops. We have also been shown how to use intercropping on our farms. farmer C: The project funds polytunnels, which are a type of greenhouse used to grow plants. The project also helps us to buy pest-resistant seeds. farmer D: The project has funded water harvesting using plastic-lined ponds. We can store up to 60 000 litres of water in one pond. farmer E: Do you think this project is an effective way of improving agricultural practices? Support your view with references to the comments made by the five farmers. … … … … … … … … … … [5] [Total: 25]

6(a)(i) correct plot of 1.9 tonnes; 1 6(a)(ii) any two from: Nepal emits less CO2 than USA / ORA; idea that (increased) CO2 contributes to climate change / CO2 is a greenhouse gas / Nepal contributes to a lesser extent than USA; quoted data; idea that bar chart, only shows CO2 data / does not show other greenhouse gases, so not all contribution known; 2 6(b) Jun – Sep circled; 1 6(c)(i) 49(.3)(%); 1 6(c)(ii) any three from: loss of, homes / shelter; loss of, roads / bridges / infrastructure; loss of jobs / economic impact; loss of, crops / farmland / habitats / food production; increased migration; lack of, clean water / adequate sanitation; risk of, water-related diseases / cholera / typhoid / malaria; lack of medical supplies; (cost of) rebuilding (homes, roads); 3 6(c)(iii) any two from: deposition of silt on farmland / increased fertility of soil, after flooding nowhere else to move; lack of money; family / traditional, ties; employment / economic reason; confidence in protection measures; 2 6(d) any two from: different terrains, make it difficult to compare the whole of Nepal / affect local climate conditions; not all of the land was sampled / not representative sample; historic data limited; AVP; 2 6(e)(i) any two from: idea of lack of control, e.g. not eaten by livestock / no local consumer; many seeds produced per plant; seeds are light in weight / many seeds in 1 g / seeds easily transported (by wind or animals or insects); climate change has led to increased temperatures; 2 6(e)(ii) any one from each method: mechanical control: labour intensive / plants not always (completely) removed / plants can regrow / would need to be repeated regularly / plant could still be eaten by horses / may damage other plants; grazing control: livestock do not like the taste / damaging to horses / would be difficult to clear large areas of land / roots not removed; biological control: unknown effect of introducing a new species / new species might become invasive / changes food chain(s); chemical control: negative effect of using a chemical / bioaccumulation or build-up in food chain / effect on non-target species / run-off to other areas; 4 6(f)(i) subsistence farming is the production of food primarily for consumption by the people on the farm; commercial farming is farming to, make a profit / export / sell; 2 6(f)(ii) opinion based on evidence linked to the speech bubbles any five from: ‘ground water supplies often run dry before the start of the rainy season’ development has addressed water shortages; ‘Many farming families have had to move to the city to find other work’ (the project) has allowed farming to continue; ‘The project is partly funded by an international charity’ raises the profile of the project; charity helps meet the costs of the project; ‘...we pay to be part of the project. We must give one day of free labour a year to the project’ farmers need to show commitment; ‘we have been trained in a growing a variety of high-yielding crops’ farmers taught to, be more productive / use best practice; wider range of crops means reduced risk if one crop fails; greater income; ...use intercropping…’ increases yield (from farm); reduces soil erosion; ‘...funds polytunnels,’ increases range of plants grown; optimises growing conditions; helps to manage irrigation; ‘pest resistant seeds’ reduced use of chemicals / less damage to food chain; ‘water harvesting and storage’ supplies water for irrigation; 5

6 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolved carbon dioxide aquatic animals B animals and microorganisms Earth’s crust land plants fossil fuels aquatic plants and algae dead remains dead organic matter process Key A D C (a) State the names of processes A, B, C and D. A … B … C … D … [4] (b) Explain why fossil fuels are described as a non-renewable energy resource. … … … … [2] (c) Suggest the impacts of urbanisation on the carbon cycle. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 9]

6(a) A combustion; B respiration; C decomposition; D photosynthesis; 4 6(b) any two from: fossils fuels take millions of years to form; they are finite; fuel is being used faster than being formed; 2 6(c) any three from: idea that carbon dioxide uptake reduced (due to, deforestation / reduction of land plants); increased carbon dioxide (in atmosphere) (due to increased use of fossil fuels in cars, etc.); idea of, loss / exploitation of, carbon sinks; idea that hard surfaces reduce natural decomposition of, animal / plant, remains; 3

Cambridge IGCSE Environmental Management · 0680

IGCSE Environmental Management (0680) The atmosphere and human activities past paper questions

Revise IGCSE Environmental Management (0680) — The atmosphere and human activities with real Cambridge past-paper questions grouped by topic, each shown with its marking scheme. Working one topic at a time targets exactly the skill each question tests.

27 free questions from 2019–2021, each with its marking scheme. Open the full topical bank to filter by subtopic, paper, and year.

The atmosphere and human activities in IGCSE Environmental Management 0680 exams, 2020–2025

Across 2020–2025, The atmosphere and human activities accounted for 58 questions worth 703 marks in Cambridge IGCSE Environmental Management (0680) papers.