3 (a) A cyclist starts from rest and accelerates for 20 s. The cyclist then travels at a constant speed of 5 m / s for 90 s. Finally the cyclist slows down and stops after a further 5 s. (i) On the grid in Fig. 3.1 draw a speed‑time graph for the cyclist’s journey. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 20 40 60 80 100 120 speed m / s time / s Fig. 3.1 [3] (ii) Calculate the distance travelled when the cyclist is travelling at constant speed. distance = …m [2] (b) Energy from the Sun heats the black saddle of the bicycle. (i) State the method of energy transfer between the Sun and the Earth. … [1] (ii) Name the part of the Sun’s electromagnetic spectrum that is responsible for heating the saddle. … [1] (iii) The Sun also heats up the air in the bicycle tyres. This causes the pressure of the air in the tyres to increase. Describe, in terms of the motion of the air molecules, why the pressure of the air in the tyres increases as the temperature of the air increases. … … … … [2] (c) Fig. 3.2 shows a metal nut on the bicycle which is difficult to unscrew. metal nut Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3 shows two spanners A and B. A B Fig. 3.3 Explain why it is easier to use spanner B to unscrew the nut rather than spanner A. … … … [2] (d) The cyclist uses a plane mirror placed on his bicycle to see behind him. State two characteristics of an image seen in a plane mirror. 1 … 2 … [2] [Total: 13]

3(a)(i) section from 0–20 s line rises from (0, 0) to (20, 5) ; section from 20–110 s horizontal line from (20 ,5) to (110, 5) ; section from 110–115 s line goes down from (110, 5) to (115, 0) ; 3 3(a)(ii) (constant speed = 5 m / s and time = 90 s) no mark distance = speed × time or 90 × 5 ; = 450 (m) ; 2 3(b)(i) radiation ; 1 3(b)(ii) infrared ; 1 3(b)(iii) increased kinetic energy / speed ; more (frequent) collisions (with tyre) ; 2 3(c) B is longer ; ref to moment = force × (perpendicular) distance ; greater moment ; max 2 2 3(d) upright ; laterally inverted ; same size (as object) ; max 2 2 (a)(i) To earn marks, draw three distinct line segments: one rising from (0,0) to (20,5), one horizontal from (20,5) to (110,5), and one falling from (110,5) to (115,0). (a)(ii) To earn marks, show the calculation of distance as speed multiplied by time (90 x 5) and state the correct answer of 450 m. (b)(i) To earn the mark, state 'radiation' as the method of energy transfer. (b)(ii) To earn the mark, state 'infrared' as the part of the electromagnetic spectrum. (b)(iii) To earn marks, explain that increased temperature leads to increased kinetic energy/speed of molecules, resulting in more frequent collisions with the tyre walls.

3 (a) A torch (flashlight) contains four cells, a lamp and a switch connected in series. (i) Draw a circuit diagram for the torch using standard electrical symbols. [3] (ii) The potential difference (p.d.) across the lamp is 6.0 V when the switch is closed. The resistance of the lamp is 5.0 Ω when lit. Calculate the current in the lamp. current = …A [2] (iii) Two lamps each of resistance 5.0 Ω are connected together in a series circuit. Calculate the combined resistance of the two lamps in series. resistance = … Ω [1] (b) Choose words from the list to complete the sentences to describe the energy transfers that occur when the torch is switched on. You may use each word once, more than once or not at all. chemical elastic electrical gravitational light nuclear sound thermal The energy stored in the cells is … potential energy. This energy is transferred into … energy which passes through the lamp. The useful energy from the lamp is … energy. Some energy is wasted as … energy. [3] (c) Solar energy is sometimes used to power torches. Solar energy is a renewable energy resource. State two other renewable energy resources. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Fig. 3.1 shows a ray of light from a torch shining on a mirror. X Z Fig. 3.1 (i) State the name of line XZ. … [1] (ii) State what happens to the ray of light at point X on Fig. 3.1. … [1] [Total: 13]

3(a)(i) all symbols correct ; 4 cells shown (or battery symbol) ; all in series; 3 3(a)(ii) current = voltage / resistance or 6 / 5 ; = 1.2 (A) ; 2 3(a)(iii) 10.0 (Ω) ; 1 3(b) chemical electrical light thermal ;;; 3 3(c) tidal ; geothermal ; HEP ; wind ; wave ; max 2 2 3(d)(i) normal ; 1 3(d)(ii) reflection ; 1 (a)(i) To earn these three marks, you must draw a circuit diagram with all symbols correct, show four cells (or a battery symbol), and ensure all components are connected in series. (a)(ii) To earn these two marks, you must show the calculation for current as voltage/resistance (6/5) and state the correct answer of 1.2 A. (a)(iii) To earn this mark, you must correctly state the combined resistance as 10.0 Ω. (b) To earn these three marks, you must correctly fill in the blanks with 'chemical', 'electrical', 'light', and 'thermal' in the correct order. (c) To earn these two marks, you must state any two different renewable energy resources from the list provided (e.g., tidal, geothermal, HEP, wind, wave). (d)(i) To earn this mark, you must identify the line as the 'normal'. (d)(ii) To earn this mark, you must identify the phenomenon as 'reflection'.

3 (a) A torch (flashlight) contains four cells, a lamp and a switch connected in series. (i) Draw a circuit diagram for the torch using standard electrical symbols. [3] (ii) The potential difference (p.d.) across the lamp is 6.0 V when the switch is closed. The resistance of the lamp is 5.0 Ω when lit. Calculate the current in the lamp. current = …A [2] (iii) Two lamps each of resistance 5.0 Ω are connected together in a series circuit. Calculate the combined resistance of the two lamps in series. resistance = … Ω [1] (b) Choose words from the list to complete the sentences to describe the energy transfers that occur when the torch is switched on. You may use each word once, more than once or not at all. chemical elastic electrical gravitational light nuclear sound thermal The energy stored in the cells is … potential energy. This energy is transferred into … energy which passes through the lamp. The useful energy from the lamp is … energy. Some energy is wasted as … energy. [3] (c) Solar energy is sometimes used to power torches. Solar energy is a renewable energy resource. State two other renewable energy resources. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Fig. 3.1 shows a ray of light from a torch shining on a mirror. X Z Fig. 3.1 (i) State the name of line XZ. … [1] (ii) State what happens to the ray of light at point X on Fig. 3.1. … [1] [Total: 13]

3(a)(i) all symbols correct ; 4 cells shown (or battery symbol) ; all in series; 3 3(a)(ii) current = voltage / resistance or 6 / 5 ; = 1.2 (A) ; 2 3(a)(iii) 10.0 (Ω) ; 1 3(b) chemical electrical light thermal ;;; 3 3(c) tidal ; geothermal ; HEP ; wind ; wave ; max 2 2 3(d)(i) normal ; 1 3(d)(ii) reflection ; 1 (a)(i) To earn these three marks, you must draw a circuit diagram with all standard symbols correct, show four cells (or a battery symbol), and ensure all components are connected in series. (a)(ii) To earn these two marks, you must show the calculation using the formula current = voltage / resistance (6/5) and state the correct answer of 1.2 A. (a)(iii) To earn this mark, you must state the combined resistance as 10.0 Ω. (b) To earn these three marks, you must correctly fill in the blanks with 'chemical', 'electrical', 'light', and 'thermal' in the correct order. (c) To earn these two marks, you must state two different renewable energy resources from the list provided, such as tidal, geothermal, HEP, wind, or wave. (d)(i) To earn this mark, you must identify the line as the 'normal'. (d)(ii) To earn this mark, you must identify the phenomenon as 'reflection'.

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows water in a saucepan on an electric cooker. heat cooker water saucepan Fig. 3.1 State the process that transfers thermal energy through the base of the saucepan. … [1] (b) The temperature of the water is recorded as the saucepan is heated. Fig. 3.2 shows a graph of the results. 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 time / minutes 6 7 8 9 10 20 40 60 80 temperature / °C 100 110 10 30 50 70 90 Fig. 3.2 (i) State the temperature rise over the first 2 minutes. … °C [1] (ii) State how the graph shows that the water boils at 100 °C. … … … [1] (c) (i) The saucepan is made from steel. State one difference between the magnetic properties of steel and the magnetic properties of soft iron. … … … [1] (ii) The mass of steel used to make the saucepan is 900 g. The volume of the steel is 115 cm3. Calculate the density of the steel used to make the saucepan. State the units of your answer. density = … units … [3] (d) When the base of the steel saucepan is heated, the steel expands. (i) State one example where the thermal expansion of a material is useful. … … [1] (ii) State one example where the thermal expansion of a material is a problem. … … [1] [Total: 9]

3(a)(i) conduction ; 1 3(b)(i) 38 °C ; 1 3(b)(ii) temperature stops increasing ; 1 3(c)(i) (soft) iron is magnetised quickly / steel is magnetised slowly ; or (soft) iron loses its magnetism quickly / steel loses magnetism slowly ; 1 3(c)(ii) density = mass ÷ volume or mass value ÷ volume value or 900 ÷ 115 ; 7.83 ; g / cm3 ; 3 3(d)(i) (liquid in glass) thermometers / bimetallic strips ; 1 3(d)(ii) bridges / roads / overhead electricity cables etc. ; 1 (a)(i) To earn this mark, you must state 'conduction' as the process of thermal energy transfer. (b)(i) To earn this mark, you must correctly read the temperature rise from the graph for the first 2 minutes. (b)(ii) To earn this mark, you must state that the temperature stops increasing at 100 °C, indicating boiling. (c)(i) To earn this mark, you must state a correct difference in magnetic properties, such as soft iron magnetizing/demagnetizing quickly, while steel does so slowly. (c)(ii) To earn the first mark, you must show the correct formula for density or substitute the given mass and volume values. To earn the second mark, you must calculate the correct numerical value for density. To earn the third mark, you must state the correct units for density. (d)(i) To earn this mark, you must name a device used to measure temperature, such as a thermometer or bimetallic strip. (d)(ii) To earn this mark, you must provide a correct example of where thermal expansion is accounted for, such as in bridges or roads.

28 Which distance–time graph represents an object that is decelerating? time 0 0 A time 0 0 B time 0 0 C time 0 0 D distance distance distance distance

Answer: A To earn this mark, a student must select the distance-time graph (A) where the gradient is decreasing, indicating a decreasing speed or deceleration.

Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences · 0654

IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (0654) Motion, forces and energy past paper questions

Revise IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (0654) — Motion, forces and energy with real Cambridge past-paper questions grouped by topic, each shown with its marking scheme. Working one topic at a time targets exactly the skill each question tests.

433 free questions from 2016–2021, each with its marking scheme. Open the full topical bank to filter by subtopic, paper, and year.

Motion, forces and energy in IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences 0654 exams, 2020–2025

Across 2020–2025, Motion, forces and energy accounted for 615 questions worth 3,535 marks in Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (0654) papers.

By year
Year	Questions	Marks
2020	84	491
2021	107	572
2022	115	612
2023	105	619
2024	113	678
2025	91	563

Most-tested subtopics

P1.6 Energy, work and power1329 marks
P1.5 Forces1187 marks
P1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques1121 marks

Appears in

Paper 1 · 143 qs
Paper 2 · 149 qs
Paper 3 · 100 qs
Paper 4 · 98 qs
Paper 5 · 48 qs
Paper 6 · 77 qs

All most-tested Co-ordinated Sciences topics

2021 May/Jun · Paper 3 · Q3 · 13 marks
Marking scheme
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2021 May/Jun · Paper 3 · Q3 · 13 marks
Marking scheme
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2021 May/Jun · Paper 3 · Q3 · 13 marks
Marking scheme
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2021 Oct/Nov · Paper 3 · Q3 · 9 marks
Marking scheme
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2021 May/Jun · Paper 1 · Q28 · 1 mark
Marking scheme
Mark scheme — 2021 Paper 1 Q28
Answer: A
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