4 (a) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted infection. The number of new HIV infections in one country was monitored. The results are shown in Fig. 4.1. 0 1000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000 3000 4000 number of new HIV infections 5000 6000 7000 8000 Fig. 4.1 The number of new infections has decreased since 2002. (i) Calculate the difference in number of new HIV infections between 2002 and 2009. … [1] (ii) Suggest two reasons why the number of new HIV infections has decreased since 2002. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (iii) Place a tick (3) in the box to show one way HIV can be transmitted. holding hands sharing cooking utensils through breast milk genetically inherited [1] (b) HIV infects white blood cells. Fig. 4.2 shows a photomicrograph of some blood. A white blood cell can be seen in the centre. X Fig. 4.2 (i) Name the part of the white blood cell labelled X in Fig. 4.2. … [1] (ii) Name the other type of cells visible in Fig. 4.2. … [1] (iii) State two functions of white blood cells. 1 … 2 … [2] (iv) Name the part of the blood that transports hormones. … [1] [Total: 9]

4(a)(i) 7000 – 3100 = 3900 ; 1 4(a)(ii) any two from: use of condoms / femidoms ; screening blood transfusions ; education ; use of clean needles / needle exchange programmes ; regular HIV testing ; preventative medication ; AVP ; e.g. practise of abstinence 2 4(a)(iii) through breast milk ticked ; 1 4(b)(i) nucleus ; 1 4(b)(ii) red blood cell ; 1 4(b)(iii) phagocytosis ; antibody production ; 2 4(b)(iv) plasma ; 1

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the gas exchange system in humans. A B C alveoli Fig. 1.1 (i) Identify the parts labelled A, B and C in Fig. 1.1. A … B … C … [3] (ii) The alveoli are the gas exchange surface in humans. State two features of alveoli that make them efficient gas exchange surfaces. 1 … 2 … [2] (b) Two similar sized groups of people are monitored. One group smoke tobacco (smokers) and the other group do not (non-smokers). The number of smokers and non-smokers of different ages with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are recorded. Fig. 1.2 shows the results. 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 number of people with COPD under 45 45–54 age group smokers non-smokers 55–64 65–74 Key Fig. 1.2 Describe the results shown in Fig. 1.2. … … … … … … [3] (c) The tar in tobacco smoke stops the ciliated cells in the gas exchange system from working efficiently. (i) Explain how this would increase the likelihood of infection in the lungs. Include ideas about goblet cells in your answer. … … … … … … [3] (ii) Name the substance in tobacco smoke that is addictive. … [1] [Total: 12]

1(a)(i) A trachea ; B intercostal muscle ; C diaphragm ; 3 1(a)(ii) any two from: good blood supply ; thin ; large surface area ; ventilated ; AVP ; 2 1(b) any two from: COPD increases with age ; more smokers have COPD than non-smokers ; more rapid increase of COPD with age in smokers ; comparative data quote ; 3 1(c)(i) goblet cells produce mucus ; and any two from: mucus traps, pathogens / particles / bacteria ; cilia unable to remove, mucus / pathogens / bacteria ; bacteria, reproduce / multiply (causing infection) ; 3 1(c)(ii) nicotine ; 1

10 (a) Adrenaline is released in ‘flight or fight’ situations. The concentration of adrenaline in the blood was monitored in three different people for 24 hours. The results are shown in Fig. 10.1. 0600 concentration of adrenaline in the blood 0900 1200 (midday) (midnight) 1500 1800 time of day 2100 0000 0300 0600 person B person C person A person A person B person C Fig. 10.1 (i) Suggest which person is under the most stress during this time. Give a reason for your answer. person … reason … … [1] (ii) State the time with the lowest release of adrenaline for all three people. … [1] (iii) Describe two effects of adrenaline on the body. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (iv) State which part of the blood transports hormones such as adrenaline. … [1] (b) Table 10.1 shows the number of new infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in one country in the years 2002 and 2009. Table 10.1 year number of new HIV infections 2002 6980 2009 3100 (i) Calculate the decrease in new infections between 2002 and 2009. … [1] (ii) Describe two methods of transmission of HIV. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (iii) State the name of the deficiency syndrome that HIV can lead to. … [1] [Total: 9]

10(a)(i) Person A and has the greatest concentration of adrenaline (in the blood) ; 1 10(a)(ii) 03:00 ; 1 10(a)(iii) increased breathing rate ; increased pulse rate ; widened pupils ; AVP ; 2 10(a)(iv) plasma ; 1 10(b)(i) (6980 – 3100) = 3880 ; 1 10(b)(ii) any two from breastfeeding ; using contaminated needles ; transfer of sexual fluids ; blood to blood contact ; contaminated blood transfusions ; 2 10(b)(iii) acquired immune deficiency (syndrome) / AIDS ; 1

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a photograph of blood as seen under a microscope. Fig. 1.1 (i) Use a label and a label line on Fig. 1.1 to identify a white blood cell. [1] (ii) Name one other type of cell visible in Fig. 1.1. … [1] (b) White blood cells produce antibodies that fight infection in the body. The graph in Fig. 1.2 shows how the number of antibodies in the blood changes for 15 days after a person is infected by a pathogen. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 number of antibodies in the blood time after infection / days Fig. 1.2 (i) Use Fig. 1.2 to identify on which day there are the most antibodies in the blood. … [1] (ii) Suggest one reason why there is a decrease in the number of antibodies in the blood as shown in Fig. 1.2. … … [1] (c) Twenty days after the first infection, the same person is infected with a different pathogen. Draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to suggest how the number of antibodies in the blood changes from day 15. [2] (d) Platelets are also found in the blood. State the function of platelets. … [1] [Total: 7]

1(a)(i) white blood cell labelled ; 1 1(a)(ii) red blood cell ; 1 1(b)(i) 12 ; 1 1(b)(ii) pathogen was destroyed ; 1 1(c) line decreasing / flat from 15–20 days ; line shown increasing (and decreasing) ; 2 1(d) blood clotting ; 1

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a cross-section through a human heart. Fig. 7.1 (a) On Fig. 7.1, use a label line and the letter X to identify the septum. [1] (b) The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body. Describe how the heart pumps blood. … … … … [2] (c) Name the two main veins of the heart. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Fig. 7.2 shows a doctor’s note about a patient. It contains information about the patient’s lifestyle. Patient notes: Age: 23 Gender: Male Has an office job. Plays sport regularly. Smokes 10 cigarettes a day. Does not drink alcohol. Eats large amounts of food high in fat. Eats small amounts of fruit and vegetables. Fig. 7.2 Use the information in Fig. 7.2 to answer these questions. (i) Describe two ways in which this patient could reduce their risk of developing coronary heart disease. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (ii) State one non-lifestyle factor that increases this patient’s risk of developing coronary heart disease. … [1] [Total: 8]

7(a) septum labelled ; 1 7(b) ref to muscular / muscles ; contraction of the, atria / ventricles ; 2 7(c) vena cava ; pulmonary vein ; 2 7(d)(i) stop smoking ; reduce consumption of fatty food / eat a more balanced diet ; 2 7(d)(ii) male ; genetic predisposition / family history ; 1

Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences · 0654

IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (0654) Diseases and immunity past paper questions

Revise IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (0654) — Diseases and immunity with real Cambridge past-paper questions grouped by topic, each shown with its marking scheme. Working one topic at a time targets exactly the skill each question tests.

11 free questions from 2016–2021, each with its marking scheme. Open the full topical bank to filter by subtopic, paper, and year.