2 (a) Give an account of the different ways in which the Prophet (pbuh) received revelation. [10] (b) The Qur’an was not revealed all at one time. Why do you think this was important? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

2(a) Give an account of the different ways in which the Prophet (pbuh) received revelation. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Candidates should write about the different ways in which the Prophet (pbuh) received revelation and not focus on the first revelation only. The Qur’an was revealed to the Prophet (pbuh) over a period of 23 years. After the first revelation, in Cave Hira, revelation stopped for a period which caused the Prophet (pbuh) to worry. Once they started again, they came strongly and frequently. There were different ways in which the verses were revealed to the Prophet (pbuh). A few times the Prophet (pbuh) saw the Angel in his original form. For example, on the night journey (Sura Najm), and at the time of the first revelation. Sometimes the Angel Jibril came in the form of a man, and he resembled the Companion Dihya al Kalbi. The revelations also came in the form of dreams, and he would wake up and remember them. The most difficult revelations were when they came as the ringing of a bell. The revelations would weigh down on the Prophet (pbuh) so much so that his camel could not withstand the weight. During one of the revelations it put pressure on Zayd’s thigh when he was sitting next to the Prophet (pbuh). They would cause him to sweat even in the winter and shiver in the summer. Ayesha’s Hadith could be given as reference for this. They were not within his control (Sura 75:16–19), he had no idea when they were coming, and they were safeguarded by God. The Prophet (pbuh) also had direct revelation, when he went on the night journey and ascension. The candidates might also mention how different verses/Suras were revealed according to the need of time and circumstances. 10 2(b) The Qur’an was not revealed all at one time. Why do you think this was important? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. It was important because the power and words of the Qur’an weighed heavily on the Prophet (pbuh) so it was better for it to be revealed over time. Also, the way the revelation came was physically demanding for the Prophet (pbuh) and so again it was easier for him if the revelations were spaced out. Another reason was that the new Muslims needed change slowly and so the Qur’an being revealed gradually, allowed them to put actions into practise before new ideas and rules were given. Being revealed over time also meant that questions that arose from the Quraysh or the Muslims were given an answer through new revelation. Gradual revelation also catered for the changing needs and circumstances of the emerging Muslim community. 4

3 (a) Describe the main events of the Prophet’s migration (hijra) from Makka to his welcome in Madina. [10] (b) The Companions showed friendship and support for the Prophet (pbuh). How can Muslims show friendship and support for each other? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

3(a) Describe the main events of the Prophet’s migration (hijra) from Makka to his welcome in Madina. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. In the year 622 there was a plot by the Quraysh to assassinate the Prophet (pbuh). The Quraysh met at Dar al-Nadwa to plot his murder and decided to send a member from each tribe to the Prophet’s house to kill him (Sura 8.30). The Quraysh went to the Prophet’s house at night, but Jibril had already given the Prophet (pbuh) God’s permission to migrate. The Prophet (pbuh) told ‘Ali to sleep in his bed - he came out of his house and threw dust at the assassins, (Sura 36.9). Abu Bakr went with him and they took refuge in Cave Thawr. Abu Bakr went in first to make sure it was clean and safe. In the Cave, his foot was stung by an insect while the Prophet (pbuh) was sleeping, and he did not cry out for fear of waking the Prophet (pbuh). They stayed in the cave for three nights; Abu Bakr’s son and daughter visited them with food and news. The Quraysh set a price of 100 camels for their capture. Some reached the mouth of the cave, which had been covered by a spider’s web and nest. Abu Bakr became worried that they may be seen and captured, but the Prophet (pbuh) reassured him saying, ‘O Abu Bakr, what do you think of two (persons) when Allah is their Third.’ This incident is also referenced in the Qur’an, (Sura 9.40). After they left, Suraqa almost caught up with them but his horse kept stumbling. They stopped in Quba and stayed there for some days; they established a mosque and ‘Ali caught up with them there. They arrived in Madina and the people welcomed the Prophet (pbuh). His camel showed them the place to build his mosque. Some candidates may also refer to the stay at the tents of Umm Ma’bad and Buraida Aslami, which is relevant. 10 3(b) The Companions showed friendship and support for the Prophet (pbuh). How can Muslims show friendship and support for each other? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Candidates can show different ways in which Muslims can show support and friendship for each other in their daily lives, on a national and international level as one Ummah. Better answers will give some clear examples, whether from present times or those of the Prophet’s Companions, along with some explanation. Some examples may include standing up for our friends when they are being bullied, offering good advice to someone when in need, or stopping friends from indulging in sinful or illegal activities. 4 To earn marks, you need to describe the key events of the Prophet's migration, including the plot against him, his escape with Abu Bakr to Cave Thawr, the journey to Madina, and his welcome there, providing specific details for each stage.

3 (a) Write about the events of the Battle of Uhud fought in 625. [10] (b) What lessons might be learned from the outcome of the Battle of Uhud? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

3(a) Write about the events of the Battle of Uhud fought in 625. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. The Battle of Uhud took place in 3AH (625) in revenge for the Makkan defeat at Badr. The Prophet (pbuh) consulted his companions whether to fight outside or inside the city; the Muslims decided to meet the Makkan army at Uhud. Arriving at Uhud, the Makkan army numbered 3000 led by Abu Sufyan, whilst the Muslims numbered around 1000. Shortly before the battle started Abdullah ibn Ubayy deserted the Muslim army with 300 of his people. The Prophet posted 50 archers on a hill to protect them from being attacked from behind. The Muslim archers fired arrows into the Makkan cavalry, led by Khalid bin Walid, causing havoc. Khalid bin Walid tried to break the Muslims from behind three times, but the archers held him off. The Muslims were successful in driving back the Makkans, and some started to collect the spoils of war. On seeing this, some of the archers left their post on the hill to join those collecting the spoils. Khalid bin Walid noticed this and used the opportunity to attack the Muslims from the rear. The rest of the Quraysh army on seeing this turned back and renewed the battle. Many Muslims fled. The Prophet (pbuh) was surrounded by a small band of Muslims, and only Talha bin Ubaidullah and Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas survived, whilst the Prophet (pbuh) was badly injured. The remaining Muslims were disheartened on hearing a rumour that the Prophet (pbuh) had been killed; the Prophet (pbuh) and Muslims retreated to the Uhud mountain. In the battle Hamza was killed by Wahshi, who earned his freedom through this act. The Makkans mutilated the dead bodies of the Muslims, including Hind who chewed on the liver of Hamza. The Muslims buried their martyrs and returned to Madina. Around 70 Muslims were killed and 22 to 37 of the Makkans. 10 3(b) What lessons might be learned from the outcome of the Battle of Uhud? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Candidates may give different lessons that might be learned. The lessons may include that Muslims should listen to and obey the orders of the Prophet (pbuh) to gain success. Candidates could say that decisions do not have to be made by leaders on their own, and consultation with others can be beneficial. Loyalty is important for Muslims and communities and they should stick together in difficult times. Responses can further elaborate these ideas and where possible support them with examples. 4 To earn marks for part (a), you need to describe the key events of the Battle of Uhud in chronological order, including details like the opposing forces, the Prophet's strategy, the role of the archers, and the turning point of the battle. For part (b), you must explain the moral or strategic lessons that can be learned from the outcome of the battle, such as the importance of obedience, discipline, or the consequences of greed.

3 (a) Describe the main events of the Pledges of Aqaba and the details in the Pledges. [10] (b) What might Muslims do to set an example and welcome others who move to their areas? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

3(a) Describe the main events of the Pledges of Aqaba and the details in the Pledges. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. The Prophet (pbuh) had tried to spread Islam outside Makka without success. Soon after the events of Ta’if he met six men in Makka, who had come from Yathrib for the annual pilgrimage. They became Muslim and promised to go back and tell people in Yathrib about the Prophet (pbuh) and Islam. Five of the men returned to Makka the following year with seven more people (12 in total) who took an oath at Aqaba in 621 which is known as the First Pledge of Aqaba. The first pledge had details relating to worshipping one God, not stealing nor committing adultery/fornication, to not kill their children, to not slander or disobey the Prophet (pbuh). Musab bin Umair was sent with them to teach them about Islam. The following year more people came to take the oath with the Prophet (pbuh), around 73 men and 2 women. They invited the Prophet (pbuh) to come to Yathrib as their leader. The second pledge was to listen and obey the Prophet (pbuh), to spend in plenty as well as scarcity, to enjoin good and forbid evil, fear no one but God, and defend the Prophet (pbuh) if he needs it. They promised to protect him and he promised to never leave them. Abbas warned the Yathribites about the consequences of inviting the Prophet (pbuh) to Yathrib and what would happen if they were to betray him. The new Muslims wanted to take the Prophet (pbuh) back with them, but he sent them back to Yathrib and then the Prophet (pbuh) told Muslims in Makka to start migrating which brought an end to the everyday persecutions the Muslims were facing. 10 3(b) What might Muslims do to set an example and welcome others who move to their areas? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Muslims should know that moving to new places can be difficult and depending on the reason for their move can be distressing. Newcomers can be welcomed by inviting them to have a meal, provide logistical support on how to find things in the area, or even offer emotional support. 4 To earn marks for part (a), you must describe the key events leading up to and during both the First and Second Pledges of Aqaba, including who was involved, when they occurred, and the specific promises or details made in each pledge. For part (b), you need to suggest practical actions Muslims can take to welcome newcomers and set a positive example in their communities.

3 (a) Outline the main events from the Prophet’s night journey and ascension (al-isra wal-mi’raj). [10] (b) In what way did this event give hope to the Prophet (pbuh)? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

3(a) Outline the main events from the Prophet’s night journey and ascension (al-isra wal-mi’raj). Use the AO1 Mark Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. In the year before migration, the Prophet (pbuh) was taken on a journey, ‘from the sacred mosque to the farthest mosque’ [Sura 17.1]. • The Prophet (pbuh) was asleep in the house of Umm e Hani/Hateem (Hijr). • He was woken from his sleep and his heart was washed with Zamzam by the Angel Jibril. • He was then taken on Buraq from Makka to Jerusalem (description of Buraq). • He was presented with vessels, one containing wine and the other milk. The Prophet (pbuh) chose milk, to which Jibril said, ‘You have been guided on the fitra (faith).’ • There the Prophet (pbuh) led all the previous prophets in prayer. • After that, Jibril took him to the seven heavens. He (pbuh) met Adam at the door to heaven, and He (pbuh) met various Prophets, on the second Isa and Yahya, on the third Yusuf, on the fourth Idris, on the fifth Harun, on the sixth Musa, and on the seventh, Ibrahim, who was next to the Lote tree. • He was led to the Lote Tree, past which Jibril could not go, and then met with his Lord. • He was given prayers and the last 2 verses of Sura Baqara. • On his way down he met Musa who suggested the Prophet (pbuh) ask God to reduce the number of prayers given to his people. The Prophet (pbuh) did this numerous times, then at five, stopped, saying that he was too embarrassed to ask for further reduction. He was shown some of the inhabitants of Heaven and Hell. Answers should also mention that this all took place in one night, and when the Prophet (pbuh) told the people, the Quraysh laughed at him. Abu Bakr believed in the event straight away, becoming As-Siddiq. 10 3(b) In what way did this event give hope to the Prophet (pbuh)? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following points. All other relevant information must be credited. The Prophet (pbuh) was feeling sad after his wife and uncle had passed away. This event reassured him of His status with God, and that God had sent him for a specific purpose. It also reassured him that God had not left him alone, and so he should continue in his work in spreading the faith. He realised his status amongst prophets, as seal of the prophets, he led them in prayer, and realised the blessings God had given his community (by giving the five prayers), which gave him renewed hope in his message, and he began to work towards better prospects for him and his community. Loyalty shown by Companions such as Abu Bakr also strengthened his heart. 4 To earn marks for part (a), you must outline the key events of the Night Journey and Ascension in chronological order, including details like the washing of the heart, the journey on Buraq, leading prayers in Jerusalem, and meeting various prophets in the heavens. For part (b), you need to explain how this event specifically provided hope to the Prophet, linking it to the challenges he faced at the time.

Cambridge IGCSE Islamiyat · 0493

IGCSE Islamiyat (0493) The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) past paper questions

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The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in IGCSE Islamiyat 0493 exams, 2020–2025

Across 2020–2025, The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) accounted for 64 questions worth 896 marks in Cambridge IGCSE Islamiyat (0493) papers.