3 (a) Describe the main events of the Prophet’s migration (hijra) from Makka to his welcome in Madina. [10] (b) The Companions showed friendship and support for the Prophet (pbuh). How can Muslims show friendship and support for each other? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

3(a) Describe the main events of the Prophet’s migration (hijra) from Makka to his welcome in Madina. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. In the year 622 there was a plot by the Quraysh to assassinate the Prophet (pbuh). The Quraysh met at Dar al-Nadwa to plot his murder and decided to send a member from each tribe to the Prophet’s house to kill him (Sura 8.30). The Quraysh went to the Prophet’s house at night, but Jibril had already given the Prophet (pbuh) God’s permission to migrate. The Prophet (pbuh) told ‘Ali to sleep in his bed - he came out of his house and threw dust at the assassins, (Sura 36.9). Abu Bakr went with him and they took refuge in Cave Thawr. Abu Bakr went in first to make sure it was clean and safe. In the Cave, his foot was stung by an insect while the Prophet (pbuh) was sleeping, and he did not cry out for fear of waking the Prophet (pbuh). They stayed in the cave for three nights; Abu Bakr’s son and daughter visited them with food and news. The Quraysh set a price of 100 camels for their capture. Some reached the mouth of the cave, which had been covered by a spider’s web and nest. Abu Bakr became worried that they may be seen and captured, but the Prophet (pbuh) reassured him saying, ‘O Abu Bakr, what do you think of two (persons) when Allah is their Third.’ This incident is also referenced in the Qur’an, (Sura 9.40). After they left, Suraqa almost caught up with them but his horse kept stumbling. They stopped in Quba and stayed there for some days; they established a mosque and ‘Ali caught up with them there. They arrived in Madina and the people welcomed the Prophet (pbuh). His camel showed them the place to build his mosque. Some candidates may also refer to the stay at the tents of Umm Ma’bad and Buraida Aslami, which is relevant. 10 3(b) The Companions showed friendship and support for the Prophet (pbuh). How can Muslims show friendship and support for each other? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Candidates can show different ways in which Muslims can show support and friendship for each other in their daily lives, on a national and international level as one Ummah. Better answers will give some clear examples, whether from present times or those of the Prophet’s Companions, along with some explanation. Some examples may include standing up for our friends when they are being bullied, offering good advice to someone when in need, or stopping friends from indulging in sinful or illegal activities. 4 To earn marks, you need to describe the key events of the Prophet's migration, including the plot against him, his escape with Abu Bakr to Cave Thawr, the journey to Madina, and his welcome there, providing specific details for each stage.

4 (a) Giving examples from the Prophet’s life, write about how he showed both the qualities of patience and forgiveness. [10] (b) Why should Muslims show patience in their everyday lives? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

4(a) Giving examples from the Prophet’s life, write about how he showed both the qualities of patience and forgiveness. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. The quality of patience is the quality of waiting calmly without complaining. From the beginning the Prophet (pbuh) was patient in that he waited for guidance from God before teaching others or preaching openly. He did not try to rush the message to hurry people into accepting Islam. His patience was shown when the people used to throw rubbish on him, call him names or commit other atrocities. He never retaliated, nor did he get angry at them. His enemies would often come when he was praying and try to disturb his prayer by whistling and clapping, but the Prophet (pbuh) would not say anything or confront them. When the intestines of a camel were put on his back while prostrating, he did not react or get angry but stayed in that position until his daughter came and took it off his back. He also showed patience while preaching Islam in Makka. Despite his best efforts, only a handful of people accepted Islam, most of whom were poor or slaves but that did not deter him from believing in his mission and continuing to strive patiently. His patience was also shown when he, along with his whole clan, were put under boycott by the Makkans and at the end of it he lost those closest to him in a short period of time, namely Khadija and Abu Talib. Instead of despairing, he sought the reward of God by praying to Him. He waited for God to allow him to migrate, despite the risk to his life. The Prophet (pbuh) showed immense patience throughout his life in Madina where he had to suffer the conspiracies and treacheries of Jewish tribes as well as the hypocrisies of the leaders in Madina. This included the actions of Abdullah bin Ubayy who often used to misbehave with the Prophet (pbuh) and betrayed him on several occasions but he never retaliated. The quality of forgiveness is to not want to punish someone when they have wronged you, to not seek revenge. Aisha said that the Prophet (pbuh) never took revenge on anyone for himself. At the time of his visit to Ta’if, the Angel Jibril came to say that he can crush the people between the two mountains, but the Prophet (pbuh) refused, and prayed for their guidance instead. When returning to Makka, the Prophet (pbuh) forgave many people who had been prominent in persecuting him and his companions, e.g. Abu Sufyan. He also gave a general pardon to the Makkans, despite their actions against him. 10 4(a) He also forgave Wahshi who killed his uncle Hamza as well as Hind who chewed on Hamza’s liver. Abdullah ibn Ubayy was one of the hypocrites who opposed the Prophet (pbuh) whilst outwardly saying he supported him. Despite this the Prophet (pbuh) seemed to show no animosity for Abdullah when he died, attending his funeral and praying at his grave. Candidates can offer other examples of forgiveness, especially for development of the answer, such as the Prophet’s forgiveness of Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl, Sufwan ibn Umayyah and Habbar ibn al-Aswad. 4(b) Why should Muslims show patience in their everyday lives? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Muslims should show patience for a variety of reasons, candidates should offer reasons with examples. Candidates might say it is one of God’s names (as-Sabbur), and He says that He loves those who are patient (Sura 2.153, Sura 39.10) hence it is one of the main teachings of the Qur’an. It shows tolerance if a person does not react negatively to others. It can help change people’s attitude for the better. It can lead to a more peaceful society if people continue to strive to do good and stop themselves from doing bad, even when the result/benefit does not come immediately. The Prophet (pbuh) showed patience throughout his life, as a Muslim one is bound to follow the Seerah of the Prophet (pbuh). 4 To earn marks for part (a), you need to describe specific examples from the Prophet's life that clearly demonstrate his qualities of patience and forgiveness, such as his reactions to persecution, insults, or the treatment of his enemies. For part (b), you must explain why Muslims should exhibit patience in their daily lives, linking it to religious teachings, personal well-being, or community harmony.

5 (a) The first wife of the Prophet (pbuh) was Khadija. Write about the main events of her life. [10] (b) What does Khadija’s marriage to the Prophet (pbuh) teach Muslims about family relationships? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

5(a) The first wife of the Prophet (pbuh) was Khadija. Write about the main events of her life. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Khadija was the daughter of a wealthy businessman and inherited his wealth when he passed away. She was married to Abu Hala and Atiq before she married the Prophet (pbuh). She is believed to have a daughter and two sons from her previous marriages. She became a successful businesswoman in her own right and was well respected in Makka. She would employ different people to go on trade expeditions for her, and she employed the Prophet (pbuh) as a merchant on one of these expeditions. She sent her servant, Maysara, with him. After hearing of his trading skills and honesty as a merchant, she proposed marriage to him, which he accepted. At the time she was 40 and he was 25. They had six children together, their two sons dying in infancy, and then four daughters. When the Prophet (pbuh) received revelation, he came to Khadija trembling. She reassured him that God would not humiliate him. She took him to see her cousin Waraqa bin Nawfal who told the Prophet (pbuh) that he is a messenger of God. She was the first to publicly accept Islam and she supported the Prophet (pbuh) financially. She endured the hardships faced by the Muslims when they were boycotted by the Quraysh and died shortly after that. Jibril is said to have sent greetings of peace to her, through the Prophet, from God and himself. After her death the Prophet (pbuh) said about her, ‘I have not yet found a better wife than her. She had faith in me when everyone, even members of my own family and tribe did not believe me, and accepted that I was truly a Prophet and a Messenger of Allah. She converted to Islam, spent all her wealth and worldly goods to help me spread this faith, and this too at a time when the entire world seemed to have turned against me and persecuted me. And it is through her that Allah blessed me with children.’ The Prophet(pbuh) is reported to remember her often after her death and it used to cause jealousy, sometimes, amongst his other wives. 10 5(b) What does Khadija’s marriage to the Prophet (pbuh) teach Muslims about family relationships? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Their marriage teaches Muslims that trust and loyalty are important parts of a family relationship, which need to be nurtured to build good family relations. When in times of difficulty, family members should offer each other physical, moral and financial support. Candidates could also say that age should not be a barrier in a relationship and that advice and guidance can be sought and given from those respected in the family, whether they are younger or older. 4 To earn marks, you must describe the significant events in Khadija's life, including her background as a businesswoman, her marriage proposal to the Prophet, their children, and her supportive role during his first revelation, demonstrating knowledge of her biography.

5 (a) Write about the lives of two of the following Companions: Salman al-Farsi, Ja’far ibn Abi Talib, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf. [10] (b) Even when they had wealth, some Companions lived simple lives. How can Muslims show simplicity in their everyday lives? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

5(a) Write about the lives of two of the following Companions: Salman al- Farsi, Ja’far ibn Abi Talib, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Salman al-Farsi: he was from Isfahan in Persia; he grew up a Magian then became a Zoroastrian priest in charge of a fire temple. He left his family to join a Christian group and travelled around the Middle East visiting and learning from various priests. One of them told him about the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) being the final messenger. Salman found a group of Arab leaders to take him to Madina, but half way there they made him a slave and sold him to a Jew, who eventually took him to Yathrib. He lived as a slave there and then heard the news of the Prophet’s arrival in Madina. He found the signs of the priest to be true when he was looking for the seal of the Prophet (pbuh) and submitted to Islam. The Prophet (pbuh) and companions helped him buy his freedom from slavery and the Prophet (pbuh) himself planted the date palms. At the Battle of Khandaq he had the idea of digging the trench. He was unique in that he was well versed in Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Islam. He was the first person to translate the Qur’an into a foreign language, translating parts of it into Persian. He is said to have died during the reign of the Caliph ‘Uthman, fighting as an army commander. Ja’far ibn Abi Talib: he was the son of Abu Talib and so the cousin of the Prophet (pbuh), and was raised in the household of his uncle Abbas. He was an early convert to Islam, and went in the second delegation that migrated to Abyssinia, with his wife Asma bint Umays. There he was chosen as a spokesperson for the Muslims and spoke to the Negus when the Quraysh accused the Muslims of abandoning their people and asked the Negus to return them to Makka. The Negus asked the Muslims about the religion they had entered into. Ja’far replied saying that before Islam they were ignorant and immoral and Islam called them to One God, to speak the truth and to refrain from bloodshed. Ja’far then recited a portion of sura Maryam. He lived with his family in Abyssinia for 10 years and then migrated to Madina. He was generous and considerate of the welfare of others and became known as ‘the father of the poor’. The following year he was sent to fight at the Battle of Mut’a and died there. 10 5(a) Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf: He was one of the first eight persons to accept Islam and was one of the ten promised Paradise. His name in pre-Islamic days was Abu Amr. But when he accepted Islam the Prophet (pbuh) called him Abd al-Rahman - the servant of the Beneficent God. Abd al-Rahman faced persecutions with the early Muslims by the Quraysh and remained firm in his faith. When some Muslims left Makka for Abyssinia because of the continuous and unbearable persecution, Abd al-Rahman also went. Soon after arriving in Madinah, the Prophet made brothers of the Muhajirin and the Ansar. Abdur-Rahman made the brother of Saad ibn ar-Rabi'ah. Saad was willing to share his wealth and family with Abd al-Rahman, but he wanted to work himself so asked to be shown the marketplace. He was a great merchant and this led to him becoming a wealthy man. He fought at the battles of Badr and Uhud, and at the Battle of Tabuk he donated generously for the expedition and then spent money equipping those people who were too poor to equip themselves. At Tabuk he also had the honour of being the only person to have led the Prophet (pbuh) in prayer. His generosity was well known, and in one incident he gave away all the wealth of his caravan to the people of Madina. After the death of the Prophet (pbuh), he took it upon himself to look after the needs of the Prophet’s wives, fixing them stipends from his own money. When asked the secret of his wealth he said that he never lifted a stone unless he expected to find gold or silver under it. He was one of the six persons chosen by ‘Umar to form the council of shura to choose the Khalifa after his death. He died around 653 at the age of 75. 5(b) Even when they had wealth, some Companions lived simple lives. How can Muslims show simplicity in their everyday lives? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. They can buy fewer clothes or wear the same clothes for longer before getting new ones. They can give away more of their wealth to others and live more simply at home to allow for this. They can eat less, waste less food and share their food more often with neighbours and friends. These are just some examples, other examples should be credited where relevant. 4 To earn marks for part (a), you must describe the significant life events and contributions of two chosen Companions, providing specific details about their background, conversion to Islam, and notable actions or roles. For part (b), you need to explain practical ways Muslims can demonstrate simplicity in their daily lives, drawing inspiration from the Companions' example.

1 Choose any two of the following Hadiths, and: (a) describe their teaching about what Muslims believe; [4] (b) explain how Muslims can put these teachings into action. [4] (i) A man asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace): Do you think that if I perform the obligatory prayers, fast in Ramadan, treat as lawful that which is lawful and treat as forbidden that which is forbidden, and do nothing further, I shall enter paradise? He said: Yes. (ii) Every person’s every joint must perform charity every day the sun comes up: to act justly between two people is a charity; to help a man with his mount, lifting him onto it or hoisting his belongings onto it is a charity; a good word is a charity; every step you take to prayers is a charity; and removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity. (iii) The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace) said: ‘Whom do you count to be a martyr among you?’ They said: O Messenger of Allah, whoever is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr. He said: ‘In that case the martyrs of my community will be very few! He who is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies a natural death in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies in the plague in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies of cholera in the way of Allah is a martyr.’ (iv) Modesty produces nothing but good. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

1(a) describe their teaching about what Muslims believe; Use the AO1 Marking Grid (i) The teaching given in this Hadith is that the minimum requirement for entering paradise is the fulfilment of the Pillars of Islam and by staying away from what God has made forbidden to humankind. Zakat and Hajj are two Pillars that are not mentioned in the Hadith as they are compulsory only for those who have the means to fulfil them. The important message of the Hadith is that Islam is a simple religion to follow and believers should not over burden themselves and should engage in optional ibadah as much as they comfortably can. (ii) The all-important teaching given in this Hadith is for Muslims to show compassion and care in society and to perform acts of charity. In this Hadith the Prophet (pbuh) has given a few examples of acts of charity (sadaqa) that Muslims can perform every day. The term charity is not just restricted to giving money to the needy but has a broader meaning which encompasses small acts of kindness that would make the community stronger and increase awareness of God and His bounties. An important teaching of this Hadith is that worship of God is not restricted to fulfilling the Pillars of, say, salat or fasting but everyday acts of kindness also come under worship when they are performed with the intention of pleasing God. (iii) This Hadith broadens the scope of martyrdom and gives the believers the important teaching that God considers all those Muslims who live righteous lives trying to seek His pleasure and die whilst so doing are given the status of a martyr. Candidates can develop their answer by discussing the various ways in which martyrdom can be achieved. The core teaching that needs to be brought out in the answer is that God loves His creation and rewards all those who are obedient to Him. (iv) Modesty is of both body and mind and helps create a morally pious and respectful society. By being modest, a believer will not promote their interest or position but will consider themselves as a part of a community and seek to create a peaceful and upright society. Modesty is what makes a person ashamed when they do something wrong. The Prophet (pbuh) made modesty a condition of faith and has said that one must consider others in the same way as one considers oneself. If properly understood and practiced modesty can only produce good as the Hadith says. 4 1(b) explain how Muslims can put these teachings into action. Use the AO2 Marking Grid (i) The teachings given in the Hadith can be acted upon by being obedient to God and fulfilling the Pillars of Islam with sincerity and abstaining from all the acts and things that God has prohibited Muslims from. Candidates could develop their answer with examples by saying that Muslims must be punctual and offer salat at the prescribed time of each salat, that they must fast in Ramadan and if they have the means must give zakat and perform Hajj. Abstaining from alcohol or foods which are prohibited in Islam can also be given as examples of putting into practice the teachings of the Hadith. Not taking interest on loans and following the principles of Islamic finance and not giving or taking bribes are other ways in which the teachings of the Hadith can be implemented. (ii) This Hadith can be acted upon by fulfilling one’s role in society responsibly. Some examples of how the teachings of the Hadith can be implemented upon are given in the Hadith itself. Candidates need to give other examples than the ones given in the Hadith to show how Muslims can put into practice the teaching given by the Prophet (pbuh) in this Hadith. For example, resolving a dispute between friends; giving honest advice when one’s opinion is asked for or helping to save the environment. (iii) The teachings given in this Hadith can be put into practice in many ways. By worshipping God a person may strive in God’s way with his person, by giving charity and zakat a Muslim can financially strive in God’s way. Other examples can be given to develop the answer. Candidates could write that helping in fund-raising to build mosques or hospitals and to contribute towards other welfare projects are ways that Muslims can live their lives in a way pleasing to God which will earn them the high status of a martyr. (iv) In the absence of modesty Islam cannot be practiced correctly. A Muslim’s speech, dress, manner and attitude towards life should be humble and simple. Modesty is a shield against immorality, lowering one’s gaze in the presence of the opposite sex is one way of putting into practice the teaching of this Hadith. Remaining humble and acknowledging God as the Master and Creator and giver of everything one possesses is another way of implementing the teaching of the Hadith. The focus of a believer’s every action must be to earn God’s pleasure and remember Him at all times. 4 To earn marks for part (a), you need to describe the core teaching of the chosen Hadith regarding Muslim beliefs, explaining its meaning and significance. For part (b), you must explain how Muslims can practically apply these teachings in their daily lives or society.

Cambridge IGCSE Islamiyat · 0493

IGCSE Islamiyat (0493) Major teachings in the Hadiths of the Prophet past paper questions

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Major teachings in the Hadiths of the Prophet in IGCSE Islamiyat 0493 exams, 2020–2025

Across 2020–2025, Major teachings in the Hadiths of the Prophet accounted for 45 questions worth 486 marks in Cambridge IGCSE Islamiyat (0493) papers.