3 (a) Describe the main events of the Prophet’s migration (hijra) from Makka to his welcome in Madina. [10] (b) The Companions showed friendship and support for the Prophet (pbuh). How can Muslims show friendship and support for each other? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

3(a) Describe the main events of the Prophet’s migration (hijra) from Makka to his welcome in Madina. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. In the year 622 there was a plot by the Quraysh to assassinate the Prophet (pbuh). The Quraysh met at Dar al-Nadwa to plot his murder and decided to send a member from each tribe to the Prophet’s house to kill him (Sura 8.30). The Quraysh went to the Prophet’s house at night, but Jibril had already given the Prophet (pbuh) God’s permission to migrate. The Prophet (pbuh) told ‘Ali to sleep in his bed - he came out of his house and threw dust at the assassins, (Sura 36.9). Abu Bakr went with him and they took refuge in Cave Thawr. Abu Bakr went in first to make sure it was clean and safe. In the Cave, his foot was stung by an insect while the Prophet (pbuh) was sleeping, and he did not cry out for fear of waking the Prophet (pbuh). They stayed in the cave for three nights; Abu Bakr’s son and daughter visited them with food and news. The Quraysh set a price of 100 camels for their capture. Some reached the mouth of the cave, which had been covered by a spider’s web and nest. Abu Bakr became worried that they may be seen and captured, but the Prophet (pbuh) reassured him saying, ‘O Abu Bakr, what do you think of two (persons) when Allah is their Third.’ This incident is also referenced in the Qur’an, (Sura 9.40). After they left, Suraqa almost caught up with them but his horse kept stumbling. They stopped in Quba and stayed there for some days; they established a mosque and ‘Ali caught up with them there. They arrived in Madina and the people welcomed the Prophet (pbuh). His camel showed them the place to build his mosque. Some candidates may also refer to the stay at the tents of Umm Ma’bad and Buraida Aslami, which is relevant. 10 3(b) The Companions showed friendship and support for the Prophet (pbuh). How can Muslims show friendship and support for each other? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Candidates can show different ways in which Muslims can show support and friendship for each other in their daily lives, on a national and international level as one Ummah. Better answers will give some clear examples, whether from present times or those of the Prophet’s Companions, along with some explanation. Some examples may include standing up for our friends when they are being bullied, offering good advice to someone when in need, or stopping friends from indulging in sinful or illegal activities. 4

3 (a) Write about the events of the Battle of Uhud fought in 625. [10] (b) What lessons might be learned from the outcome of the Battle of Uhud? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

3(a) Write about the events of the Battle of Uhud fought in 625. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. The Battle of Uhud took place in 3AH (625) in revenge for the Makkan defeat at Badr. The Prophet (pbuh) consulted his companions whether to fight outside or inside the city; the Muslims decided to meet the Makkan army at Uhud. Arriving at Uhud, the Makkan army numbered 3000 led by Abu Sufyan, whilst the Muslims numbered around 1000. Shortly before the battle started Abdullah ibn Ubayy deserted the Muslim army with 300 of his people. The Prophet posted 50 archers on a hill to protect them from being attacked from behind. The Muslim archers fired arrows into the Makkan cavalry, led by Khalid bin Walid, causing havoc. Khalid bin Walid tried to break the Muslims from behind three times, but the archers held him off. The Muslims were successful in driving back the Makkans, and some started to collect the spoils of war. On seeing this, some of the archers left their post on the hill to join those collecting the spoils. Khalid bin Walid noticed this and used the opportunity to attack the Muslims from the rear. The rest of the Quraysh army on seeing this turned back and renewed the battle. Many Muslims fled. The Prophet (pbuh) was surrounded by a small band of Muslims, and only Talha bin Ubaidullah and Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas survived, whilst the Prophet (pbuh) was badly injured. The remaining Muslims were disheartened on hearing a rumour that the Prophet (pbuh) had been killed; the Prophet (pbuh) and Muslims retreated to the Uhud mountain. In the battle Hamza was killed by Wahshi, who earned his freedom through this act. The Makkans mutilated the dead bodies of the Muslims, including Hind who chewed on the liver of Hamza. The Muslims buried their martyrs and returned to Madina. Around 70 Muslims were killed and 22 to 37 of the Makkans. 10 3(b) What lessons might be learned from the outcome of the Battle of Uhud? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Candidates may give different lessons that might be learned. The lessons may include that Muslims should listen to and obey the orders of the Prophet (pbuh) to gain success. Candidates could say that decisions do not have to be made by leaders on their own, and consultation with others can be beneficial. Loyalty is important for Muslims and communities and they should stick together in difficult times. Responses can further elaborate these ideas and where possible support them with examples. 4

3 (a) Describe the main events of the Pledges of Aqaba and the details in the Pledges. [10] (b) What might Muslims do to set an example and welcome others who move to their areas? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

3(a) Describe the main events of the Pledges of Aqaba and the details in the Pledges. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. The Prophet (pbuh) had tried to spread Islam outside Makka without success. Soon after the events of Ta’if he met six men in Makka, who had come from Yathrib for the annual pilgrimage. They became Muslim and promised to go back and tell people in Yathrib about the Prophet (pbuh) and Islam. Five of the men returned to Makka the following year with seven more people (12 in total) who took an oath at Aqaba in 621 which is known as the First Pledge of Aqaba. The first pledge had details relating to worshipping one God, not stealing nor committing adultery/fornication, to not kill their children, to not slander or disobey the Prophet (pbuh). Musab bin Umair was sent with them to teach them about Islam. The following year more people came to take the oath with the Prophet (pbuh), around 73 men and 2 women. They invited the Prophet (pbuh) to come to Yathrib as their leader. The second pledge was to listen and obey the Prophet (pbuh), to spend in plenty as well as scarcity, to enjoin good and forbid evil, fear no one but God, and defend the Prophet (pbuh) if he needs it. They promised to protect him and he promised to never leave them. Abbas warned the Yathribites about the consequences of inviting the Prophet (pbuh) to Yathrib and what would happen if they were to betray him. The new Muslims wanted to take the Prophet (pbuh) back with them, but he sent them back to Yathrib and then the Prophet (pbuh) told Muslims in Makka to start migrating which brought an end to the everyday persecutions the Muslims were facing. 10 3(b) What might Muslims do to set an example and welcome others who move to their areas? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Muslims should know that moving to new places can be difficult and depending on the reason for their move can be distressing. Newcomers can be welcomed by inviting them to have a meal, provide logistical support on how to find things in the area, or even offer emotional support. 4

3 (a) Outline the main events from the Prophet’s night journey and ascension (al-isra wal-mi’raj). [10] (b) In what way did this event give hope to the Prophet (pbuh)? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

3(a) Outline the main events from the Prophet’s night journey and ascension (al-isra wal-mi’raj). Use the AO1 Mark Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. In the year before migration, the Prophet (pbuh) was taken on a journey, ‘from the sacred mosque to the farthest mosque’ [Sura 17.1]. • The Prophet (pbuh) was asleep in the house of Umm e Hani/Hateem (Hijr). • He was woken from his sleep and his heart was washed with Zamzam by the Angel Jibril. • He was then taken on Buraq from Makka to Jerusalem (description of Buraq). • He was presented with vessels, one containing wine and the other milk. The Prophet (pbuh) chose milk, to which Jibril said, ‘You have been guided on the fitra (faith).’ • There the Prophet (pbuh) led all the previous prophets in prayer. • After that, Jibril took him to the seven heavens. He (pbuh) met Adam at the door to heaven, and He (pbuh) met various Prophets, on the second Isa and Yahya, on the third Yusuf, on the fourth Idris, on the fifth Harun, on the sixth Musa, and on the seventh, Ibrahim, who was next to the Lote tree. • He was led to the Lote Tree, past which Jibril could not go, and then met with his Lord. • He was given prayers and the last 2 verses of Sura Baqara. • On his way down he met Musa who suggested the Prophet (pbuh) ask God to reduce the number of prayers given to his people. The Prophet (pbuh) did this numerous times, then at five, stopped, saying that he was too embarrassed to ask for further reduction. He was shown some of the inhabitants of Heaven and Hell. Answers should also mention that this all took place in one night, and when the Prophet (pbuh) told the people, the Quraysh laughed at him. Abu Bakr believed in the event straight away, becoming As-Siddiq. 10 3(b) In what way did this event give hope to the Prophet (pbuh)? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following points. All other relevant information must be credited. The Prophet (pbuh) was feeling sad after his wife and uncle had passed away. This event reassured him of His status with God, and that God had sent him for a specific purpose. It also reassured him that God had not left him alone, and so he should continue in his work in spreading the faith. He realised his status amongst prophets, as seal of the prophets, he led them in prayer, and realised the blessings God had given his community (by giving the five prayers), which gave him renewed hope in his message, and he began to work towards better prospects for him and his community. Loyalty shown by Companions such as Abu Bakr also strengthened his heart. 4

4 (a) Write about the events of the Battle of Khaybar and the Battle of Hunain. [10] (b) In your opinion, which of these two battles was the most significant for Muslims? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

4(a) Write about the events of the Battle of Khaybar and the Battle of Hunain. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. The Battle of Khaybar was fought against the Jews who had broken their agreements with the Muslims. The tribes in Khaybar had tried to instigate other tribes in the area to attack the Muslims. The Prophet (pbuh) eventually decided to try to put a stop to these attacks and raised an army to march to Khaybar. The Muslim army of 1400 caught the city by surprise. There were eight forts in total. The Muslims attacked the first fort of Naim and then took over the other numerous strongholds, except al-Qamus which was considered impenetrable. The Prophet (pbuh) said, ‘Tomorrow I shall give the banner of Islam to a man who loves God and His Apostle...and he will conquer Khyber.’ The banner was given to ‘Ali, and he went to fight the Jewish leader, Marhab, who was killed. The Jews requested they stay in the oasis on the basis that they were better farmers and knew the land. The Prophet (pbuh) agreed and in return the Jews would give half their produce to the Muslims. The battle strengthened the Muslims’ and the Prophet’s leadership. In the Battle of Hunain the sects of Hawazin and Thaqif did not want to submit to Islam so they decided to fight against the Muslims. The Prophet (pbuh) marched to meet them with 12 000 men. The enemy were already waiting for the Muslim army, hiding and waiting to hurl stones and arrows at them. When this happened, the enemy attack became fierce, and the Muslims started to retreat. The Prophet (pbuh) called out: ‘Come on, people! I am the Messenger of Allah. I am Muhammad, the son of Abdullah.’ Eventually the Prophet’s troops returned, and they went on to defeat the army. Because the enemy’s leader Malik bin ‘Awf had told everyone to take their families and belongings with them, the Muslims captured huge spoils of war. This battle is mentioned in Sura Tawba, (25–26). 10 4(b) In your opinion, which of these two battles was the most significant for Muslims? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Candidates should choose the battle they consider to be more important and give their reasons for their choice. Candidates might say that the Battle of Khyber was the most significant because it stopped some of the conspiracies against the Prophet (pbuh) and the Muslims. Furthermore, the Muslims made financial gains and it led to them becoming more confident. Candidates who choose the Battle of Hunain as the most significant could say that the Muslims learned many valuable lessons from this battle such as the lesson to follow their leaders and not be overconfident. Also, strength can come from strong faith and not from large numbers, as success comes from God. It also taught Muslims to have determination in the face of adversity. 4

Cambridge O Level Islamiyat · 2058

O-Level Islamiyat (2058) The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) past paper questions

Revise O-Level Islamiyat (2058) — The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) with real Cambridge past-paper questions grouped by topic, each shown with its marking scheme. Working one topic at a time targets exactly the skill each question tests.

49 free questions from 2017–2021, each with its marking scheme. Open the full topical bank to filter by subtopic, paper, and year.

The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in O-Level Islamiyat 2058 exams, 2020–2025

Across 2020–2025, The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) accounted for 58 questions worth 812 marks in Cambridge O Level Islamiyat (2058) papers.