5 (a) The first wife of the Prophet (pbuh) was Khadija. Write about the main events of her life. [10] (b) What does Khadija’s marriage to the Prophet (pbuh) teach Muslims about family relationships? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

5(a) The first wife of the Prophet (pbuh) was Khadija. Write about the main events of her life. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Khadija was the daughter of a wealthy businessman and inherited his wealth when he passed away. She was married to Abu Hala and Atiq before she married the Prophet (pbuh). She is believed to have a daughter and two sons from her previous marriages. She became a successful businesswoman in her own right and was well respected in Makka. She would employ different people to go on trade expeditions for her, and she employed the Prophet (pbuh) as a merchant on one of these expeditions. She sent her servant, Maysara, with him. After hearing of his trading skills and honesty as a merchant, she proposed marriage to him, which he accepted. At the time she was 40 and he was 25. They had six children together, their two sons dying in infancy, and then four daughters. When the Prophet (pbuh) received revelation, he came to Khadija trembling. She reassured him that God would not humiliate him. She took him to see her cousin Waraqa bin Nawfal who told the Prophet (pbuh) that he is a messenger of God. She was the first to publicly accept Islam and she supported the Prophet (pbuh) financially. She endured the hardships faced by the Muslims when they were boycotted by the Quraysh and died shortly after that. Jibril is said to have sent greetings of peace to her, through the Prophet, from God and himself. After her death the Prophet (pbuh) said about her, ‘I have not yet found a better wife than her. She had faith in me when everyone, even members of my own family and tribe did not believe me, and accepted that I was truly a Prophet and a Messenger of Allah. She converted to Islam, spent all her wealth and worldly goods to help me spread this faith, and this too at a time when the entire world seemed to have turned against me and persecuted me. And it is through her that Allah blessed me with children.’ The Prophet(pbuh) is reported to remember her often after her death and it used to cause jealousy, sometimes, amongst his other wives. 10 5(b) What does Khadija’s marriage to the Prophet (pbuh) teach Muslims about family relationships? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Their marriage teaches Muslims that trust and loyalty are important parts of a family relationship, which need to be nurtured to build good family relations. When in times of difficulty, family members should offer each other physical, moral and financial support. Candidates could also say that age should not be a barrier in a relationship and that advice and guidance can be sought and given from those respected in the family, whether they are younger or older. 4

5 (a) Write about the life of the Prophet’s daughter, Fatima. [10] (b) What can be learned from her life about the relationship between parents and children? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

5(a) Write about the life of the Prophet’s daughter, Fatima. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Fatima was the Prophet Muhammad’s youngest daughter, born a few years before prophethood. She was upset over the treatment her father faced by the Quraysh in Makka; when he was persecuted and the Quraysh threw animal entrails on him, she lifted it off and cleaned him. She was married to ‘Ali and had two sons and two daughters (Hassan, Hussain, Zaynab and Umm Kulthum). She suffered hardships after her marriage and did all the work at home herself, for example, grinding flour and carrying water from the well. When she asked the Prophet (pbuh) for a share in the spoils of war after one of the battles, thinking she may be able to get a maid to help at home, he said, I shall give you something better and told her to say Subhanallah, Alhamdulillah, Allahu Akbar before going to sleep. One of her nicknames was Az-Zahra, the resplendent one. Aisha said that she was the one who resembled the Prophet (pbuh) the most. The Prophet (pbuh) is reported to have said, "Fatima is a part of me and whoever offends her offends me." The Prophet (pbuh) showed his affection for her and would visit her before he left on a journey and upon returning. When the Prophet (pbuh) was ill, she was upset that he was dying but happy when he told her she would be joining him soon. She was the only daughter to outlive the Prophet (pbuh) and passed away five months after her father at the age of 29. 10 5(b) What can be learned from her life about the relationship between parents and children? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. The bond between the Prophet (pbuh) and Fatima shows that mutual love and respect needs to be nurtured between parents and children. Parents should love all their children, male and female, and treat them well. The way the Prophet (pbuh) showed love and respect for his daughter and the way Fatima always stood by her father hold great lessons for Muslims. 4

5 (a) Write about the lives of two of the following Companions: Salman al-Farsi, Ja’far ibn Abi Talib, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf. [10] (b) Even when they had wealth, some Companions lived simple lives. How can Muslims show simplicity in their everyday lives? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

5(a) Write about the lives of two of the following Companions: Salman al- Farsi, Ja’far ibn Abi Talib, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf. Use the AO1 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. Salman al-Farsi: he was from Isfahan in Persia; he grew up a Magian then became a Zoroastrian priest in charge of a fire temple. He left his family to join a Christian group and travelled around the Middle East visiting and learning from various priests. One of them told him about the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) being the final messenger. Salman found a group of Arab leaders to take him to Madina, but half way there they made him a slave and sold him to a Jew, who eventually took him to Yathrib. He lived as a slave there and then heard the news of the Prophet’s arrival in Madina. He found the signs of the priest to be true when he was looking for the seal of the Prophet (pbuh) and submitted to Islam. The Prophet (pbuh) and companions helped him buy his freedom from slavery and the Prophet (pbuh) himself planted the date palms. At the Battle of Khandaq he had the idea of digging the trench. He was unique in that he was well versed in Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Islam. He was the first person to translate the Qur’an into a foreign language, translating parts of it into Persian. He is said to have died during the reign of the Caliph ‘Uthman, fighting as an army commander. Ja’far ibn Abi Talib: he was the son of Abu Talib and so the cousin of the Prophet (pbuh), and was raised in the household of his uncle Abbas. He was an early convert to Islam, and went in the second delegation that migrated to Abyssinia, with his wife Asma bint Umays. There he was chosen as a spokesperson for the Muslims and spoke to the Negus when the Quraysh accused the Muslims of abandoning their people and asked the Negus to return them to Makka. The Negus asked the Muslims about the religion they had entered into. Ja’far replied saying that before Islam they were ignorant and immoral and Islam called them to One God, to speak the truth and to refrain from bloodshed. Ja’far then recited a portion of sura Maryam. He lived with his family in Abyssinia for 10 years and then migrated to Madina. He was generous and considerate of the welfare of others and became known as ‘the father of the poor’. The following year he was sent to fight at the Battle of Mut’a and died there. 10 5(a) Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf: He was one of the first eight persons to accept Islam and was one of the ten promised Paradise. His name in pre-Islamic days was Abu Amr. But when he accepted Islam the Prophet (pbuh) called him Abd al-Rahman - the servant of the Beneficent God. Abd al-Rahman faced persecutions with the early Muslims by the Quraysh and remained firm in his faith. When some Muslims left Makka for Abyssinia because of the continuous and unbearable persecution, Abd al-Rahman also went. Soon after arriving in Madinah, the Prophet made brothers of the Muhajirin and the Ansar. Abdur-Rahman made the brother of Saad ibn ar-Rabi'ah. Saad was willing to share his wealth and family with Abd al-Rahman, but he wanted to work himself so asked to be shown the marketplace. He was a great merchant and this led to him becoming a wealthy man. He fought at the battles of Badr and Uhud, and at the Battle of Tabuk he donated generously for the expedition and then spent money equipping those people who were too poor to equip themselves. At Tabuk he also had the honour of being the only person to have led the Prophet (pbuh) in prayer. His generosity was well known, and in one incident he gave away all the wealth of his caravan to the people of Madina. After the death of the Prophet (pbuh), he took it upon himself to look after the needs of the Prophet’s wives, fixing them stipends from his own money. When asked the secret of his wealth he said that he never lifted a stone unless he expected to find gold or silver under it. He was one of the six persons chosen by ‘Umar to form the council of shura to choose the Khalifa after his death. He died around 653 at the age of 75. 5(b) Even when they had wealth, some Companions lived simple lives. How can Muslims show simplicity in their everyday lives? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. They can buy fewer clothes or wear the same clothes for longer before getting new ones. They can give away more of their wealth to others and live more simply at home to allow for this. They can eat less, waste less food and share their food more often with neighbours and friends. These are just some examples, other examples should be credited where relevant. 4

5 (a) Write about the lives of ‘Umar and ‘Uthman during the lifetime of the Prophet (pbuh). [10] (b) What lessons can be learned from ‘Uthman’s life before he became Caliph? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

5(a) Write about the lives of ‘Umar and ‘Uthman during the lifetime of the Prophet (pbuh). Use the AO1 Mark Grid Candidates may include some of the following points. All other relevant points must be credited. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab: • ‘Umar was born in Mecca in the clan of Banu Adi. He was literate and a gifted orator. • He accepted Islam at the age of 26/27. • Before his conversion, he was on his way to attempt to kill the Prophet (pbuh). • When he was told that his own sister and brother-in-law had converted; he went to her house. He found them reciting verses from Sura Taha. ‘Umar was angry with them then asked to see the writing which they were reading. His sister said only those who have been purified can read it, and so ‘Umar made wudu’ before being given the Qur’an. • After his conversion, ‘Umar refused to keep Islam a secret, after which Muslims could pray openly. • Prophet (pbuh) had made supplication for his conversion. • He didn’t emigrate in secret. • He fought in all the battles, giving half his wealth for the campaign of Tabuk, and is one of the ten promised paradise. • He was one of the witnesses for the Treaty of Hudaybiyya, although he was initially not satisfied with the terms. On the Prophet’s death, he said he would kill anyone who said that the Prophet (pbuh) had died. ‘Uthman ibn Affan: • He accepted Islam through Abu Bakr. He was a wealthy merchant in Makka, belonging to Banu Ummaya but was still tortured by his relatives after conversion. He was literate and became one the scribes of the Prophet (pbuh). He was amongst those who migrated to Abyssinia. • He married the Prophet’s daughter Ruqayyah. Ruqayyah fell ill before the Battle of Badr, so he was excused from participating. She died while the Prophet (pbuh) was at battle. • ‘Uthman later married the Prophet’s other daughter, Umm Kulthum, and was given the name ‘possessor of the two lights’ (Dhu al-Nurayn). • He went to Makka as the Prophet’s emissary to allow the Muslims to perform the pilgrimage and was detained by the Makkans; this led to the Bait e Ridhwan. • He took part in the battle of Uhud and at Tabuk ‘Uthman supplied the army with nine hundred and forty camels, and sixty horses. He also brought ten thousand dinars to equip the army. • He bought a well and donated it to be used by the rich, poor and travelers. He was given the title of Ghani. • At the farewell pilgrimage, he escorted the wives of the Prophet (pbuh). • He was considered to be the most shy and modest among the Muslims. 10 5(b) What lessons can be learned from ‘Uthman’s life before he became Caliph? Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. A descriptive note on the qualities of ‘Uthman is not required here. A few lessons can be given, or elaboration can be written about on how to imitate them in one’s own life. It can teach people about patience and steadfastness as ‘Uthman kept his faith, despite the persecutions he faced. ‘Uthman did not despair after his wives passed away, so patience and not losing hope are important in times of tragedy. Migration is something that can be done for reasons of faith and security. Migrating twice shows the spirit of sacrifice. The generosity of ‘Uthman in providing for fellow believers and Islam is something that can be emulated by being generous to others, not just with wealth but by giving time and support to others. 4

5 (a) Write an account of the life of the Prophet’s Companion Abu Bakr, during the Prophet’s lifetime. [10] (b) Abu Bakr used his wealth to help others. How can Muslims follow his example today? [4] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

5(a) Write an account of the life of the Prophet’s Companion Abu Bakr, during the Prophet’s lifetime. Use the AO1 Mark Grid Candidates may include some of the following points. All other relevant points must be credited. Abu Bakr was the Prophet’s childhood friend, and the first to accept Islam. He was a staunch supporter of the Prophet (pbuh), and was open about practising Islam. His original name was Abdul Ka’ba, and was later given the name Abu Bakr due to his fondness of camels. He was a cloth merchant and quite wealthy. Before Islam, he did not worship other gods nor did he drink wine as was customary for those of his status. He was honest in trade and used his wealth to help others. When the revelation came, the Prophet (pbuh) went to see Abu Bakr who became Muslim straight away. Later the Prophet (pbuh) would say “Whenever I offered Islam to any one, he always showed some reluctance and hesitation and tried to enter into an argument. Abu Bakr was the only person who accepted Islam without any reluctance or hesitation, and without any argument.” After conversion, he would buy slaves and set them free. He guided important Companions to accept Islam. He defended the Prophet (pbuh) from persecutions and was persecuted himself. At one point he set off for Abyssinia but returned when his friend offered him protection. He did not hesitate to believe the Prophet (pbuh) when he told the people about his night journey and ascension, which was when Abu Bakr was given the title ‘Siddiq’. He was the Prophet’s companion during the migration to Madina, and the Qur’an mentions him as one of two in the cave, in reference to this journey. He gave his daughter in marriage to the Prophet (pbuh). He participated in all the major battles and gave his wealth at the Battle of Tabuk. Abu Bakr led 300 Muslims to the pilgrimage in Mecca and led prayers during the Prophet’s illness. When the Prophet passed away many companions refused to believe it, and it was Abu Bakr who came to address them telling them that the Prophet (pbuh) had passed away but God was alive and will never die. He was elected as caliph soon after this. 10 5(b) Abu Bakr used his wealth to help others. How can Muslims follow his example today? Candidates can use various examples to show how they can help others with their wealth. Some could be, paying for a water well for those who do not have access to water, donating money to someone needing medicine/hospital treatment, giving money to look after orphans. Relevant answers should be credited and better answers will be able to say why it would be beneficial to use their wealth for that reason. 4

Cambridge O Level Islamiyat · 2058

O-Level Islamiyat (2058) The first Islamic community past paper questions

Revise O-Level Islamiyat (2058) — The first Islamic community with real Cambridge past-paper questions grouped by topic, each shown with its marking scheme. Working one topic at a time targets exactly the skill each question tests.

17 free questions from 2017–2021, each with its marking scheme. Open the full topical bank to filter by subtopic, paper, and year.