2 Fig. 2.1 shows a balanced, uniform metre ruler made of wood. metre ruler 80 cm 42 cm 10 cm 0.12 N pivot 100 cm 0 cm 6.0 × 10–3 m 2.6 × 10–2 m 0.34 N Fig. 2.1 The width of the metre ruler is 2.6 × 10–2 m and the thickness of the ruler is 6.0 × 10–3 m. (a) Define the ‘moment’ of a force in words. … … [1] (b) On Fig. 2.1, mark the position of the centre of gravity of the metre ruler with a point labelled X. Label the distance of X from the 0 cm end of the ruler. [1] (c) (i) Show that the mass of the metre ruler is 0.081 kg. [3] (ii) Calculate the density of the wood of the metre ruler. density = … [2] [Total: 7] Ĭ Ċ Ġ í õ Ī Ċ û Ā , ,

2(a) (moment =) force  perpendicular distance (from the pivot) B1 2(b) X AND 50 cm labelled to the right of the pivot AND left of 80 cm B1 2(c)(i) sum of clockwise moments = sum of anticlockwise moments B1 {mg  8} + {0.12  38} = {0.34  32} B1 any one from: • mg = [{0.34  32} – {0.12  38}] ÷ 8 • mg = {10.88 – 4.56} ÷ 8 • mg = 6.32 ÷ 8 • mg = 0.79 • (mass =) 0.79 ÷ 9.8 B1 2(c)(ii) 520 kg / m3 A2 (density =) mass ÷ volume OR 0.081 ÷ {1(.0)  2.6  10–2  6(.0)  10–3} C1

3 (a) Define momentum. … [1] (b) Fig. 3.1 shows two toy trains, A and B, on a track. train A train B Fig. 3.1 The mass of train A is 0.45 kg and the mass of train B is 0.21 kg. The trains do not have motors. Train A travels towards train B and they collide. Immediately before the collision: • the velocity of train A is 0.34 m / s to the right • the velocity of train B is 0.12 m / s to the left. The trains stick together when they collide. Calculate the velocity of the trains immediately after the collision. velocity = … direction … [4] Ĭ Ċ Ġ í õ Ī Ċ ù þ (c) A different train is travelling with a momentum of 0.26 kg m / s. The train slows down and stops after 2.1 s. Calculate the average force acting on the train during this time. average force = … [2] [Total: 7] , ,

3(a) (momentum =) mass  velocity OR (p =) mv B1 3(b) (velocity =) 0.19 m / s AND (direction) to the right A4 (momentum before collision) = {0.45  0.34} – {0.21  0.12} OR 0.1278 C1 (momentum after collision) = 0.66  v C1 momentum before collision = momentum after collision OR {0.45  0.34} – {0.21  0.12} = 0.66  v OR 0.153 – 0.0252 = 0.66  v C1 3(c) (–) 0.12 N A2 F∆t = ∆{mv} OR (F =) ∆p ÷ (∆)t OR (F =) ∆{mv} ÷ (∆)t OR (F =) 0.26 ÷ 2.1 C1

1 A student determines the internal diameter d of a test-tube. The apparatus is assembled as shown in Fig. 1.1. test-tube h water stand Fig. 1.1 (a) The student: • fills a measuring cylinder with water up to the 100 cm3 mark • pours some water from the measuring cylinder into the test-tube. (i) A full-size diagram of the bottom part of the test-tube is shown in Fig. 1.2. test-tube h Fig. 1.2 On Fig. 1.2, measure the height h in centimetres to the nearest millimetre. Record your result in the top row of Table 1.1 on page 4. [1] Ĭ Ċ Ġ í õ Ī Ċ ú þ (ii) Fig. 1.3 shows the volume of water remaining in the measuring cylinder. 80 90 100 cm3 measuring cylinder water Fig. 1.3 Take the reading R of the volume of water remaining in the measuring cylinder. Record your result in the top row of Table 1.1. [1] (iii) Calculate the volume V of water poured into the test-tube. Use the equation: V = (100 cm3 – R) . Record your result in Table 1.1. [1] , , Table 1.1 h / cm R / cm3 V / cm3 5.0 84 16 7.6 75 25 10.3 64 36 13.6 53 47 (b) The student: • adds more water from the measuring cylinder into the test-tube • measures the new height h of the water in the test-tube • measures the new reading R of the water remaining in the measuring cylinder • calculates the volume of water V in the test-tube • repeats the procedure for three more values of h, R and V. The student’s results are shown in Table 1.1. It is important to avoid line-of-sight (parallax) errors when reading the scale of the measuring cylinder. Describe how such errors are avoided. You may draw a diagram. … … [1] , , Ĭ Ċ Ġ í õ Ī Ċ ú Ā (c) Plot a graph of V / cm3 (y-axis) against h / cm (x-axis). Start your axes at the origin (0, 0). Draw the best-fit straight line. 0 0 [4] (d) Determine the gradient G of your line. Show all working and indicate on the graph the values you use. G = … [1] (e) (i) The internal diameter d of a cylinder is given by the equation d = k G, where k = 1.13 cm. Calculate d for the test-tube. d = … cm [1] (ii) Suggest one reason why your calculated value for d is only approximate. … … [1] [Total: 11] , ,

1(a)(i) 3.4 (cm) 1 1(a)(ii) 89 (cm3) 1 1(a)(iii) V = 11 (cm3) 1 1(b) read (the scale) at right angles / at eye level / perpendicularly 1 1(c) axes labelled with quantity and unit 1 suitable scales (occupying at least ½ the grid) 1 plots correct to  ½ small square AND precise plots 1 good best-fit line judgement, thin, continuous line 1 1(d) some indication on the graph as to how gradient found AND correct method of calculation of gradient i.e. y / x 1 1(e)(i) d = 2.1  0.2 (cm) 1 1(e)(ii) any one from: • the line of best fit is approximate • the gradient is approximate / not accurate / can vary • test-tube not a perfect cylinder / diameter of test-tube not uniform / test-tube curved at the bottom • h includes the thickness of the glass • difficult to get ruler close to the test-tube • measuring cylinder only reads to 1 cm3 • water sticks to the sides of the measuring cylinder • difficult to judge the position of the water level in the test-tube 1

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a box dropped from an aeroplane. The box contains supplies. A parachute is attached to the box. The parachute is opened when the time is 6.0 s. box containing supplies parachute Fig. 1.1 The graph in Fig. 1.2 shows the vertical speed of the box as it falls. 0 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 time / s 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 10 20 30 40 50 speed m / s Fig. 1.2 (a) State and explain what happens to the kinetic energy of the box during the first 6.0 s of its descent. … … … [2] (b) State and explain what happens to the gravitational potential energy of the box during the first 6.0 s. … … … [2] (c) (i) Use the graph in Fig. 1.2 to determine the speed of the object when the object is moving with a constant speed. speed of the object at constant speed = … m / s [2] (ii) State the size of the resultant vertical force on the box when it is falling at a constant speed. … [1] (d) Use the graph in Fig. 1.2 to determine the distance travelled by the box during the first 6.0 s. distance travelled in first 6.0 s = … m [3] (e) Without calculation, describe how Fig. 1.2 shows that the deceleration of the box is greater than the acceleration of the box. … … [1] [Total: 11]

1(a) (kinetic energy / it) increases B1 (because) speed / velocity (of box) increases OR faster B1 1(b) (gravitational potential energy) decreases M1 (because) height (of box) decreases A1 1(c)(i) any indication on graph / in text that horizontal section represents steady speed C1 10 (m / s) A1 1(c)(ii) (resultant vertical force =) zero OR 0 (N) B1 1(d) distance = area under graph OR ½ × b × h C1 (distance =) ½ × 6.0 × 45 C1 135 (m) A1 1(e) deceleration (line) is steeper OR higher gradient than acceleration (line) B1

Cambridge IGCSE Physics · 0625

IGCSE Physics (0625) Motion, forces and energy past paper questions

These questions cover kinematics, forces, momentum, energy, work, power, and pressure — the mechanics that carries the most marks in the paper.

1641 free questions from 2016–2025, each with its marking scheme. Open the full topical bank to filter by subtopic, paper, and year.

Motion, forces and energy in IGCSE Physics 0625 exams, 2020–2025

Across 2020–2025, Motion, forces and energy accounted for 1,533 questions worth 5,328 marks in Cambridge IGCSE Physics (0625) papers.

By year
Year	Questions	Marks
2020	262	771
2021	264	905
2022	255	903
2023	268	929
2024	238	902
2025	246	918

Most-tested subtopics

1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques1587 marks
1.5 Forces1553 marks
1.2 Motion1073 marks

Appears in

Paper 1 · 491 qs
Paper 2 · 527 qs
Paper 3 · 189 qs
Paper 4 · 174 qs
Paper 5 · 84 qs
Paper 6 · 68 qs

All most-tested Physics topics

2025 May/Jun · Paper 4 · Q2 · 7 marks
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2025 May/Jun · Paper 4 · Q3 · 7 marks
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2025 May/Jun · Paper 6 · Q1 · 11 marks
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2021 Feb/Mar · Paper 3 · Q1 · 11 marks
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2025 May/Jun · Paper 2 · Q2 · 1 mark
Marking scheme
Mark scheme — 2025 Paper 2 Q2
Answer: A
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