3 A firewall can be used to help keep the data secure that is stored on a computer. (a) The given paragraph describes how the firewall operates to help keep the data secure. Complete the paragraph using the most appropriate terms from the given list. Not all of the terms on the list need to be used. • Accept • Criteria • Hacking • Input • Network • Outgoing • Output • Processor • Reject • Software • Store • Storage A firewall can be … or hardware based. It monitors traffic between the computer and the … The user sets … for the traffic. The firewall will … or … the traffic based on this. It can help prevent … and malicious software that could be a threat to the security of the data. [6] (b) Identify three other methods that could be used to keep the data secure. Method 1 … Method 2 … Method 3 … [3]

3(a) One mark per each correct term in the correct order. − Software − Network − Criteria − Accept // reject − Reject // accept − Hacking 6 3(b) Any three from: − Password − Biometrics (device) − Encryption − Physical methods (e.g. locks) − Two-factor authentication // Two-step verification − Anti-viruses 3

4 Two internet risks are phishing and pharming. Describe what is meant by phishing and pharming. Phishing … … … … … … Pharming … … … … … … [6]

4 Any six from: Phishing − Legitimate looking email sent to user − encourages user to click a link that directs user to a fake website − User encouraged to enter personal details into a fake website // designed to obtain personal details from a user Pharming − Malicious code/malware is downloaded/installed // software downloaded without users' knowledge − … that re-directs user to fake website (when legitimate URL entered) − User encouraged to enter personal details into a fake website // designed to obtain personal details from a user 6

4 Three types of Internet security risk are virus, spyware and denial of service (DoS) attack. (a) Six statements are given about Internet security risks. Tick (3) to show whether the statement applies to virus, spyware or denial of service. Some statements may apply to more than one Internet security risk. Statement Virus (3) Spyware (3) Denial of service (3) captures all data entered using a keyboard can be installed onto a web server prevents access to a website is malicious code on a computer is self-replicating damages the files on a user’s hard drive [6] (b) Identify three other types of Internet security risks. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] (c) Some Internet security risks can maliciously damage data. Data can also be damaged accidentally. State three ways that data could be accidentally damaged. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3]

4(a) One mark per each correct row. Statement Virus () Spyware () Denial of service () captures all data entered using a keyboard  can be installed onto a web server   prevents access to a website  is malicious code on a computer   is self-replicating  damages the files on a user’s hard drive  6 4(b) Any three from: − Phishing − Pharming − Hacking // cracking 3 4(c) Any three from: − Human error − Power failure/surge − Hardware failure − Software failure − Fire − Flood 3

5 Sammi works for a finance company and has a laptop that he uses for his work. He has confidential data about his customers stored on his laptop. Sammi does not connect the laptop to any networks. (a) Sammi is concerned about his customers’ confidential data being viewed by other people in his office. One method he uses to prevent others viewing the data is encryption. Identify three other methods Sammi could use to prevent his customers’ confidential data being viewed. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] (b) Sammi creates videos for the finance company website that give customers advice about their finances. He uses lossy compression to reduce the file size of the videos for the website. (i) Give three ways that lossy compression can reduce the file size of the videos. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] (ii) Give one drawback of using lossy compression to reduce the file size of the videos. … … [1] (c) Sammi could have used lossless compression to compress the videos for the website. (i) Give one reason why he would use lossless compression, rather than lossy compression, for the videos. … … [1] (ii) Give two disadvantages of Sammi using lossless compression, rather than lossy compression, for the videos. Disadvantage 1 … … Disadvantage 2 … … [2]

5(a) Any three from: − Password − Add a biometric device to the laptop // set biometric password − Use two-step verification // Use two factor authentication − Physically lock the laptop away in a secure cupboard // Taking laptop with him at all times 3 5(b)(i) Any three from: − A compression algorithm is used − The resolution could be reduced − Colour depth could be reduced // bits per pixel reduced − Sounds not heard by human ear could be removed // Perceptual music shaping can be used − Repeating frames could be removed 3 5(b)(ii) Any one from: − Quality may be reduced − Data is lost // original file cannot be reconstructed 1 5(c)(i) Any one from: − Maintains quality // quality better than lossy − Original file is retained // Data is not permanently lost − A significant reduction in file size is not required 1 5(c)(ii) Any two from: − Takes more time to transmit file // Takes more time to upload to web server // Takes more time to download to customer // Web page will load slower − Takes up more storage space − Data usage would be increased − Uses more bandwidth 2

6 Cookies can be used to store a user’s personal data and online browsing habits. (a) A cookie could be used to automatically enter a user’s payment details when the user makes a purchase online. Describe how cookies can be used to store and automatically enter a user’s payment details. … … … … … … [3] (b) Explain why a user may be concerned about their personal data and online browsing habits being stored in cookies. … … … … … … … … [4]

6(a) Any three from: − Webserver sends (cookie) file to user’s browser − User’s payment details stored in encrypted text file // data is encrypted to be stored − Cookie file is stored by browser/on user’s HDD/SSD − When user revisits website, webserver requests cookie file // webserver can access the data stored in the cookie file (to automatically enter details) − … and browser sends cookie file back to webserver (to automatically enter the details) 3 6(b) Four from: − User does not see what information is stored // might collect data that user does not know about … − … so, user may feel their privacy is affected − A profile could be built about the user … − … that could expose a user’s identity // lead to identity theft − Sensitive information stored in cookies could be intercepted in transmission … − Other websites could gain access to the cookies stored on a user’s computer … − Computer could be hacked to obtain data stored in cookies … − … so, payment information could be stolen and used by a third party 4

Cambridge O Level Computer Science · 2210

O-Level Computer Science (2210) The internet and its uses past paper questions

Revise O-Level Computer Science (2210) — The internet and its uses with real Cambridge past-paper questions grouped by topic, each shown with its marking scheme. Working one topic at a time targets exactly the skill each question tests.

50 free questions from 2016–2021, each with its marking scheme. Open the full topical bank to filter by subtopic, paper, and year.